the age of enlightment (启蒙时期的英国文学).pdf下载分享
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资料简介
本文深入探讨了18世纪英国文学在启蒙时代的背景和发展，包括1688年革命后英国社会的和平发展、咖啡馆文化对文学的影响、启蒙思想家如Joseph Addison和Richard Steele的贡献，以及感伤主义文学潮流的兴起。文章不仅回顾了历史背景，还分析了启蒙运动如何推动社会进步和科学知识的普及，是了解18世纪英国文学不可或缺的资料。
文件名称：the age of enlightment (启蒙时期的英国文学).pdf
文件类型：PDF文档
文件标签：英国文学、启蒙时代、18世纪历史
内容预览
After the tempestous events of the 1 7th
century, England entered a period of a
comparatively peaceful development.
The Revolution of 1 688, which banished the
last of the Stuart kings and called William of
Orange (husband of king James II‘ daughter
Mary) to the throne, marks the end of the
long struggle for political freedom in England.
Historical Background
Hostile parties: the liberal Whigs, the
conservative Tories.
The rapid development of social life.
In the first half of the eighteenth century
some three thousand public coffeehouses
and a large number of private clubs
appeared in London alone; and the
sociability of these clubs was typical of all
English cities.
Historical Background
The influence of this social life on literature
was inevitable.
Nearly all writers frequented the
coffeehouses, and the matters discussed
there became subjects of literature; hence
the enormous amount of eighteen-century
writing devoted to transient affairs, to politics,
fashions, gossip.
Historical Background
With the advent of the 1 8th century, in England, as
in other European countries, there sprang into life
a public movement known as the Enlightenment.
The Enlightenment on the whole, was an
expression of struggle of the then progressive
class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. The
enlighteners fought against class inequality,
stagnation(停滞), prejudices and other survivals of
feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of
science at the service of mankind by connecting
them with the actual deeds and requirements of
the people.
Historical Background--- Enlightenment
English enlighteners differed from those of
France. While the philosophers and writers
of France ―cleared the minds of men for the
coming revolution,‘ the English enlighteners
set no revolutionary aims before them.
Historical Background--- Enlightenment
The first representatives of the English
Enlightenment were Joseph Addison(1 672-
1 71 7), and Richard Steele (1 672-1 929), the
publishers of a moralistic journal of The
Spectator, and the poet Alexander
Pope(1 688-1 744).
Historical Background--- Enlightenment
The Enlightenment European intellectual movement
reached its high point in the 1 8th century. Enlightenment
thinkers were believers in social progress and in the
liberating possibilities of rational and scientific knowledge.
They were often critical of existing society and were hostile
to religion, which they saw as keeping the human mind
chained down by superstition.
The American and French revolutions were justified by
Enlightenment principles of human natural rights. Leading
representatives of the Enlightenment were Voltaire(伏尔
泰), Lessing（莱辛）， and Denis Diderot（狄德罗）.
Historical Background--- Enlightenment
The middle of the 1 8th century in England sees the
inception(起初) of a new literary current----that of
sentimentalism.
Sentimentalism came into being as a result of a bitter
discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in social
reality.
The representatives of sentimentalism continued to
struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at t...